Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL)

The Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) is a key ligament on the inside of the elbow that helps stabilise the joint during throwing and overhead activities. UCL injuries are common in athletes who repeatedly place high stress on the elbow, such as baseball pitchers, javelin throwers, and tennis players. Many UCL injuries respond well to conservative management.

UCL injuries can occur gradually due to repetitive stress, or suddenly following a forceful throw or trauma. Severity can range from a mild sprain to a complete tear.

Common symptoms include:

• Pain on the inside of the elbow, especially during throwing
• Swelling or tenderness along the UCL
• Reduced throwing speed or accuracy
• A feeling of instability in the elbow
• Difficulty with overhead or pushing movements

Physiotherapy management focuses on:

• Reducing pain and inflammation
• Restoring elbow range of motion
• Strengthening the muscles around the elbow, shoulder, and forearm
• Improving throwing mechanics and load management
• Supporting a gradual and safe return to sport