Shoulder Instability

Shoulder instability occurs when the structures that normally stabilise the shoulder joint cannot keep it in place, causing the shoulder to feel loose, slip, or dislocate. It can affect one or both shoulders and may develop suddenly after trauma or gradually over time.

Common causes include:

• Traumatic dislocation or injury – e.g., a fall or collision
• Repetitive overhead or throwing activities – leading to gradual stretching of the ligaments
• Congenital or hypermobile joints – naturally looser ligaments
   

Common symptoms include:

• Shoulder “giving way” or feeling unstable
• Repeated subluxations (partial dislocations)
• Pain with overhead or rotational movements
• Reduced confidence or fear of shoulder movement
• Weakness or limited range of motion

Physiotherapy management focuses on:

• Restoring shoulder stability and control
• Strengthening the rotator cuff, scapular muscles, and surrounding structures
• Improving shoulder mobility and movement patterns
• Gradually returning to sport, work, or daily activities safely
• Educating on posture, mechanics, and strategies to prevent recurrence